Process Analysis of CNC Machining Parts

Ⅰ. Original data required for the formulation of the CNC machining parts process route

1. Parts design drawings, technical data, and product assembly drawings.

2. The production batch of parts.

3. Relevant technical standards required for CNC machining parts, such as enterprise standards and process documents.

4. Quality standards for product acceptance.

5. Existing production conditions and materials. The manufacturing capacity of process equipment and special equipment for CNC machining parts, the specifications and performance of processing equipment and process equipment, and the technical level of workers.

Ⅱ. Analysis of the blank state of CNC machining parts 

Most part design drawings only define the shape and size of the part when it is machined, but do not specify the data of the original blank material including the type, specification, shape, heat treatment state, and hardness of the blank. A solid understanding of wool is an important start when programming. Using this raw information is beneficial to the CNC program planning.

1. Analysis of product assembly drawings and parts drawings

For the analysis and research of the assembly drawing, it is mainly to be familiar with the performance, use, and working conditions of the product, to clarify the mutual assembly position and function of the parts in the product, to understand the basis for formulating various technical conditions on the part drawing, and to find out its main technical key problems in order to lay the foundation for formulating the correct processing plan. Of course, when the process analysis of CNC machining parts is carried out for ordinary parts, the analysis and research of assembly drawing cannot be carried out.

2. Process analysis of parts drawings

The analysis and research of the parts drawing are mainly to carry out the process review of the parts, such as checking the views, dimensions, and technical requirements of the design drawings for errors and omissions. Especially for parts with poor structural manufacturability, if possible, communicate with the designer or propose revisions. It is up to the designer to decide whether to make the necessary modifications and improvements.

(1) Integrity and correctness analysis of parts drawing

The views of CNC machining parts should meet the requirements of national standards with accurate positions and clear expressions. Relationships (such as tangent, intersecting, and parallel) between geometric elements (points, lines, and faces) should be accurate. Dimensions should be complete and clear.

(2) Analysis of parts technical requirements

The technical requirements of parts mainly include dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy, positional accuracy, surface roughness, and thermal surface treatment requirements. These technical requirements should be the limit values under the premise that the performance of the parts can be guaranteed. The analysis of the technical requirements of parts is mainly to analyze the rationality of these technical requirements and the possibility of realization. Focus on analyzing the machining accuracy and technical requirements of important surfaces and parts, so as to prepare for the formulation of a reasonable machining plan.

At the same time, determine whether the technical requirements are too strict through analysis. Because too high precision and too small surface roughness requirements will complicate the process, increase the difficulty of processing and increase unnecessary costs.

(3) Analysis of dimensioning methods

The dimensioning methods of CNC machining parts drawing include local scattered labeling method, centralized labeling method, and coordinate labeling method. For parts processed on CNC machining tools, under the premise of ensuring the performance of the parts, the dimensions on the part drawing should be marked in a centralized manner or marked with the same datum (that is, marked with coordinate dimensions). This not only facilitates CNC programming but also facilitates the unification of design datum, process datum, and programming origin.

(4) Analysis of parts material

On the premise of satisfying the function of the parts, cheap materials should be selected. The choice of materials should be based in China. Do not choose precious and scarce materials casually.

(5) Structural manufacturability analysis of parts

The structural manufacturability of CNC machining parts refers to the feasibility and economy of the designed parts to be manufactured on the premise that the designed parts can meet the performance requirements. Good structural manufacturability will make parts easy to process, which will save costs and materials. The poor structural manufacturability will make processing difficult, which will increase costs and waste materials or even fail to process.

Through the process of analyzing the structural characteristics, accuracy requirements, and complexity of parts, the processing method required for parts and the type and specification of the CNC machining tool can be determined.